Module 3 The natural world 教学设计(3)

　　for certain / sure肯定地, 确切地, 有把握地;

　　for fear of唯恐, 担心;

　　for oneself为自己, 替自己;

　　for sale供出售;

　　for short简称;

　　for the purpose of为……的目的;

　　for the moment一时间, 暂时;

　　for the present就现在来说, 暂时;

　　for the time being暂时; take…for…认为……是……; 把……当作……

　　by的用法

　　①在……旁边, 从……旁边(经过)

　　I put the vase back on the table by the window.

　　②通过, 经由, 取道

　　He rose quickly and went out by another door.

　　③在(某时)前, 到……时为止

　　By next Friday I will have finished the work.

　　I will be back by three.

　　④表示动作的执行者

　　Have you read that novel by Shirley?

　　⑤表示手段或方式, 可译为 “通过……, 用……, 以……, 按照……”

　　It is nine o’clock by my watch.

　　⑥表示工具

　　I came here by bus.

　　She called him up by telephone to thank him.

　　⑦和seize, take, hold等动词连用, 说明接触身体的哪一部分

　　He took the child by the hand.

　　⑧(指数量)按……计算

　　These workers are paid by the week.

　　I rent the house by the year.

　　⑨表示数量增减或差别的程度

　　He is older by five years than John.

　　⑩表示尺寸, 距离等, 相当于 “乘以”

　　I want a piece of paper 3 inches by 5 inches.

　　This room is forty feet by twenty.

　　⑾词组和固定搭配:

　　by accident偶然地;

　　by chance偶然地, 碰巧;

　　by means of借助于, 靠;

　　by mistake出于误会, 弄错了;

　　by oneself单独地, 独立地;

　　by the way顺便说;